Economics of Qirsyllviar

Patrian Economics are diverse and complicated.

Basic Principles
While all forms of currency have a set face-value, the "actual-value" of any currency is dependent on the market-value/price of Commodities, so prices tend to fluctuate regularly, usually daily. The Market-value of Goods changes in accordance of supply and demand, which reflectively increases or decreases the price of what people are buying. This also means that the exchange rate between most currencies is also constantly fluctuating; although some currencies, by law or treaty, have a set-in-stone exchange rate.

Shortages of Goods as a result of supply and demand can sometimes cause inflation. In the event of Inflation, this can sometimes cause economies to become unstable.

When people buy a certain Good, it effectively increases the price due to the lack of supply to meet the demand. While the opposite is true; when people sell it decreases prices due to rising supply with lack of demand.

One way that people make purchases in constantly fluctuating economies is by buying on Credit. When someone buys on credit, they agree to buy then but pay later; meaning that they would pay the price of what the Goods were that day at a later time, in the event that the market price of a product rises or drops the next day. However, this can cause huge debt for the buyer in the event the price of the bought product drops exponentially.

Currency
Many forms of currency exist across Patria.

Coinage
Coinage is the oldest form of official currency, and by far the most common. Coins are typically made of one of three precious metal; Gold, Silver, and Copper. Gold is the most valuable and is most often used as the standard of base currency; Silver and Copper are usually used for smaller denominations, unless the currency isn't minted in Gold.

Metal coins are minted usually using Gold, Silver or Copper, but a few currencies use Iron alongside, or instead of, one of the three main precious metals. Regardless, Copper is usually considered more valuable than Iron. The actual-value of coinage also depends on the purity of the coins minted.

Despite gold coins being the most valuable, the majority of market products are normally priced with Silver coins; Hence, Silver is the most often exchanged coin of any currency, sub-unit or otherwise. Unless Gold coins are the only coins in circulation, Gold is usually reserved for the purchase of higher value products like livestock, buildings or even slaves; Copper or Iron coins are usually used for lower value items such as small amounts of food or condiments.

Known Circulating Currencies
Currencies here are listed from base denomination to the lowest sub-unit, and the value between them.
 * Noble: Minted in Gold; Shape: circle
 * Sceat: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * Styca: Minted in Copper; Shape: circle
 * 1 Noble = 10 Sceats
 * 1 Sceat = 30 Stycas
 * Aureus: minted in Gold; Shape: circle
 * Denarius: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * Sestertius: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * As: minted in Copper; Shape: circle
 * 1 Aureus = 25 Denarii
 * 1 Denarius = 4 Sestertii
 * 1 Sestertius = 10 Asses
 * Ban-Liang: Minted in Copper; Shape: circle with square hole
 * Wu-Zhu: Minted in Iron; Shape: circle with square hole
 * 1 Ban-Liang = 100 Wu-Zhu
 * Bolt: Minted in Gold, Silver; Shape, Copper and Iron; Shape: ocatagon.
 * 1 Gold Bolt = 50 Silver Bolts
 * 1 Silver Bolt = 10 Copper Bolts
 * 1 Copper Bolt = 20 Iron Bolts
 * Bloom: Minted only in Iron; Shape: eight-point scallop
 * Doubloon:Minted in Gold; Shape: circle
 * Escudo: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * Reale: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * Picayune: Minted in Copper; Shape: circle
 * 1 Doubloon = 2 Escudos
 * 1 Escudos = 16 Reales
 * 1 Reale = 2 Picayunes
 * Dinar: Minted in Gold; Shape: circle
 * Dirham: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * Fals: Minted in Copper; Shape: circle
 * 1 Gold Dinar = 20 Dirhams
 * 1 Dirham = 10 Fulus
 * Dragon: Minted in Gold; Shape: circle
 * Lion: Minted in Gold; Shape: circle
 * Wolf: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * Stag: Minted in Copper; Shape: circle
 * 1 Dragon = 10 Lions
 * 1 Lion = 5 Wolves
 * 1 Wolf = 2 Stags
 * Ener: Minted only in Gold; Shape: ten-point scallop
 * Florin: Minted in Gold; Shape: 17mm.r. circle
 * Gigliato: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * Ducaton: minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * Cavallo: Minted in Copper; Shape: circle
 * 1 Florin = 20 Gigliati
 * 1 Gigliato = 10 Ducatons
 * 1 Ducaton = 20 Cavalli
 * Guilder: Minted in Gold; Shape: circle
 * Stuiver: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * Duit: Minted in Copper; Shape: circle
 * 1 Guilder = 20 Stuivers
 * 1 Stuiver = 8 Duits
 * Grim: Minted in Gold; Shape: circle
 * Pheo: minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * 1 Grim = 10 Pheos
 * Grzywna: Minted in Gold, Silver, and Copper; Shape: rectangle.
 * 1 Gold Grzywna = 25 Silver Grzywnas
 * 1 Silver Grzywna = 50 Copper Grzywnas
 * Kahavanu: Minted only in Gold; Shape: circle
 * Koban: Minted in Gold; Shape: oval
 * Nibuban: Minted in Silver; Shape: rectangle
 * Ichibuban: Minted in Silver; Shape: rectangle
 * Tsuho: Minted in Copper; Shape: circle with circle hole
 * 1 Koban = 20 Nibubans
 * 1 Nibuban = 20 Ichibubans
 * 1 Ichibuban = 10 Tsuhos
 * Koson: Minted only in Gold; Shape: circle
 * Leu: Minted in Gold, Silver, and Copper; Shape: circle.
 * 1 Gold Leu = 30 Silver Leus
 * 1 Silver Leu = 50 Copper Leus
 * Livre: Minted in Gold; Shape: circle
 * Ecu: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * Denier: Minted in Copper; Shape: circle
 * 1 Livre = 20 Ecu
 * 1 Ecu = 18 Denier
 * Mark: Minted in Gold; Shape: circle
 * Thaler: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * Kreuzer: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * Groschen: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * Pfennig: Minted in Copper; Shape: circle
 * 1 Mark = 10 Thalers
 * 1 Thaler = 25 Kreuzers
 * 1 Kreuzer = 10 Groschens
 * 1 Grochen = 12 Pfennigs


 * Mun: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle with square hole
 * Yang: Minted in Copper; Shape: circle
 * Won: Minted in Iron; Shape: circle
 * 1 Mun = 25 Yangs
 * 1 Yang = 20 Wons


 * Odin: Minted in Gold; Shape: circle.
 * Thor: Minted in Silver; Shape: octagon
 * Freyja: Minted in Silver; Shape: scallop
 * Loki: Minted in Copper; Shape: triangle
 * 1 Odin = 20 Thors
 * 1 Thor = 5 Freyjas
 * 1 Freyja = 10 Lokis
 * Ossis: Minted in Gold; Shape: rectangle
 * Piscis: Minted in Silver; Shape: rhombus
 * Glande: Minted in Copper; Shape: pentagon
 * 1 Ossis = 30 Piscis
 * 1 Piscis = 50 Glandes
 * Pagoda: Minted in Gold; Shape: circle
 * Mohar: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * Shivrai: Minted in Copper; Shape: circle
 * 1 Pagoda = 15 Mohars
 * 1 Mohar = 16 Shivrai


 * Qirsh: Minted in Gold; Shape: circle
 * Para: Minted in Gold; Shape: circle
 * Akce: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * 1 Qirsh = 40 Para
 * 1 Para = 3 Akce
 * Reck: Minted in Gold, Silver, Copper, and Iron; Shape: circle.
 * 1 Gold Reck = 15 Silver Recks
 * 1 Silver Reck = 10 Copper Recks
 * 1 Copper Reck = 30 Iron Recks
 * Ruble: Minted in Gold, Silver, and Copper; Shape: circle.
 * 1 Gold Ruble = 25 Silver Rubles
 * 1 Silver Ruble = 50 Copper Rubles
 * Rupee: Minted in Gold, Silver, and Copper; Shape: long hexagon.
 * 1 Gold Rupee = 50 Silver Rupees
 * 1 Silver Rupee = 50 Copper Rupees
 * Sar: Minted in Gold, Silver, and Copper; Shape: square.
 * 1 Gold Sar = 10 Silver Sar
 * 1 Silver Sar = 50 Copper Sar
 * Scarab: Minted in Gold, Silver, and Copper; Shape: triangle.
 * 1 Gold Scarab = 25 Silver Scarabs
 * 1 Silver Scarab = 30 Copper Scarabs
 * Shekel: Minted only in Silver; Shape: octagon
 * Solis: Minted in Gold; Shape: circle
 * Luna: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * Sidus: Minted in Copper; Shape: eight-point star
 * 1 Solis = 20 Lunas
 * 1 Luna = 50 Sidus
 * Sovereign: Minted in Gold; Shape: circle.
 * Crown: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle.
 * Shilling: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle.
 * Farthing: Minted in Copper; Shape: circle.
 * 1 Sovereign = 5 Crowns
 * 1 Crown = 5 Shillings
 * 1 Shilling = 30 Farthings
 * Strigoi: Minted in Gold; Shape: circle
 * Liliac: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * Dinte: Minted in Copper; Shape: circle
 * 1 Strigoi = 50 Liliacs
 * 1 Liliac = 25 Dintes
 * Talent: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * Mina: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * Drachma: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * Obol: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * 1 Talent = 60 Minae
 * 1 Mina = 70 Drachmae
 * 1 Drachma = 6 Oboloi
 * Thonburi: Minted on Gold; Shape: circle
 * Sukhothai: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * Srivijaya: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * Funan: Minted in Copper; Shape: circle
 * 1 Thonburi = 8 Sukhothais
 * 1 Sukhothai = 9 Srivijayas
 * 1 Srivijaya = 10 Funans
 * Tornesel: Minted only in Silver; Shape: circle
 * Unicorn: Minted in Gold; Shape: circle
 * Merk: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * Groat: Minted in Silver; Shape: circle
 * Bodle: Minted in Copper; Shape: circle
 * 1 Unicorn = 20 Merks
 * 1 Merk = 5 Groats
 * 1 Groat = 2 Bodles
 * Yrd: Minted only in Silver; Shape: circle
 * Zen: Minted only in Copper; Shape: square

Paper Currencies
Banknotes, more commonly known as cash, have started to come into fashion as legal tenders over the last couple centuries; Yet they're not as popular since they're so easy to counterfeit, and only a handful of countries circulate them. Face-value-wise, they start out at the same value as the highest value coin of the base currency, and then make into higher values.

Like Gold, Banknotes are usually reserved for exceptionally large transactions; most people try to avoid them otherwise.

As mentioned above, only a few countries print paper banknotes alongside coinage. The following currencies are the only monetary units known to have printed banknotes.
 * Bolt: printed as 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 50
 * Chao: Printed as 1, 10, 100, and 200
 * Credit: printed as 1, 10, 50, 100, and 1000
 * Leu: printed as 1, 5, 10, 50, and 100
 * Mark: printed as 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100
 * Mun: printed as 1, 10, 20, 40, and 50
 * Ruble: printed as 1, 5, 10, 50, and 100
 * Sovereign: Printed as 1, 10, 20, and 50
 * Strigoi: printed as 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100

Other Currencies
A select few countries circulate other things as their official currency, or partially for use as commodity money.
 * Seashells: The use of seashells as currency is one of the earliest on Patria and remains in use in many places today; however, it has been falling out of use over the last few centuries. Cowries and Olive shells are the most common, but Biavalve halves, auger shells, and sea snail shells are often used as well. These days, shells only fully circulate amongst the undersea nations Biavalvia and Atlantis; But there is great use of shells all over Maritimus, as well as parts of Ingodija and Necrosia.
 * Gem: Being the largest producer of gemstones than anywhere else on Patria, the Empire of Avalar uses Gems as currency. But instead of denominating them by value, Gems are instead valued by weight; This means that any number of gems, no matter the type, could be used to meet the priced weight, as different sized gems would have different weights. Freshly mined uncut gems hold no value as currency; They only enter circulation once they are properly cut to a valuable shape.
 * Wood: Some ancient stateless cultures, particularly nomadic peoples, used wooden coins or plaques as currency when trading with each other or with established nations. However, this method of legal tender fell out of use several centuries ago.

Counterfeiting
Counterfeiting is the illegal production of money, or anything that isn't officially endorsed by a government. Counterfeiting has been a problem since money was first invented, and remains a problem today. Counterfeiting can cause inflation, as well as cause people to lose trust in a currency.

Trading
Economics through trade and barter rather than commodity currency is not a new thing anywhere on Patria. When merchants take products for payment instead of money, sometimes on credit, they usually do so with the intention of getting a bigger profit by reselling what they were given. Trade between nations is one of the biggest sources of income on Patria.

Trading Companies
Merchants often travel and peddle alone, but sometimes they will take jobs from trading companies or work directly for them. There are dozens, if not hundreds, of trading companies operating around Patria, which deal in products ranging from wheat to weapons to slaves.

The largest and most well-known are listed here.

Angevin Company
The largest trading company in Necrosia, operating out of Angevin and stretching across the continent.

Craddock Trading Company
A trading company operating out of Camelot.

Cuvillier Trading Company
The largest trading company in Soleil

Fortuna Trading Company
The largest trading company in the Roman Empire.

Midnight Brothers Trading Company
A vampire-run trading company operating out of Transylvania, and one of the biggest trading guilds in north-central Eurodon.

Mamiya Company
The largest trading company in Yamatai.

Northwest Ingodija Company
The largest trading company in Ingodija, operating out of Edwardia and stretching across the continent.

Otto Trading Company
The largest trading company in the Germanian Empire.

Tatre Trading Company
A maritime trading company operating out of New Hylar.

Banking
Banks are institutions for depositing and lending money.

Banks charge interest when giving loans, especially when lending to governments. When banks give loans, they usually put pressure on the borrower to get the money back if borrowers are late or default their debts. This may include refusal to lend any more money, or backing enemies of the defaulters.

Banks
All countries have their own banks, but smaller ones are usually overlooked by the larger more powerful ones. The largest and most well-known are listed here.

Bank of Hylar
Based in the Empire of Hylar, the bank is one of the richest and most influential in Southern Eurodon.

Notes & Trivia:

 * In the currency section of country listings of the continents, Currencies are listed from base denomination to the lowest sub-unit.
 * Most currencies listed are based of real historical currencies, while others are unique to Patria. Some of those that are based off real historical ones, have had their values adjusted or revamped.
 * The terms "Commodity money" and "Commodity currency" have two different meanings.
 * On Patria, "Stocks" simply refer to the amount of a product a single person or entity has in supply.
 * While the concept of credit exists, Bonds do not exist on Patria. The concept was too complicated for the author to shape to Patrian standards.
 * Coins listed as shaped "scallop", it's another way of saying flower.